True colour retrieval from multiple illuminant scene’s image

This paper presents an algorithm to retrieve the true colour of an image captured under multiple illuminant. The proposed method uses a histogram analysis and K-means++ clustering technique to split the input image into a number of segments. It then determines normalised average absolute difference (NAAD) for each resulting segment’s colour component. If the NAAD of the segment’s component is greater than an empirically determined threshold. It assumes that the segment does not represent a uniform colour area, hence the segment’s colour component is selected to be used for image colour constancy adjustment. The initial colour balancing factor for each chosen segment’s component is calculated using the Minkowski norm based on the principal that the average values of image colour components are achromatic. It finally calculates colour constancy adjustment factors for each image pixel by fusing the initial colour constancy factors of the chosen segments weighted by the normalised Euclidian distances of the pixel from the centroids of the selected segments. Experimental results using benchmark single and multiple illuminant image datasets, show that the proposed method’s images subjectively exhibit highest colour constancy in the presence of multiple illuminant and also when image contains uniform colour areas

Color Constancy Adjustment using Sub-blocks of the Image

Extreme presence of the source light in digital images decreases the performance of many image processing algorithms, such as video analytics, object tracking and image segmentation. This paper presents a color constancy adjustment technique, which lessens the impact of large unvarying color areas of the image on the performance of the existing statistical based color correction algorithms. The proposed algorithm splits the input image into several non-overlapping blocks. It uses the Average Absolute Difference (AAD) value of each block’s color component as a measure to determine if the block has adequate color information to contribute to the color adjustment of the whole image. It is shown through experiments that by excluding the unvarying color areas of the image, the performances of the existing statistical-based color constancy methods are significantly improved. The experimental results of four benchmark image datasets validate that the proposed framework using Gray World, Max-RGB and Shades of Gray statistics-based methods’ images have significantly higher subjective and competitive objective color constancy than those of the existing and the state-of-the-art methods’ images

Predicting Flux And Pressure Relationships of Large Scale Filtration with USD Model Inputs: Method and application

Ultra Scale-Down tools have demonstrated the huge benefit for rapid process development with reduced material requirement and better solutions. In this poster, a method was reported to predict the flux and transmembrane pressure relationships of a diafiltration application for a crossflow filtration (CFF) process, based on data generated using an Ultra Scale-Down (USD) device that uses dead-end mode of operation to mimic CFF. A new flux prediction protocol was developed to accurately determine the system resistance of large scale crossflow filtration (CFF) systems, and, to predict CFF performance using USD data. Antibody fragment (Fab’) is expressed in E. coli as an intracellular product and E.coli homogenate was used for scale-up studies and to validate the prediction results. Predicted and actual flux-pressure drop and transmission data showed good agreement. Wall shear rate correlations have been established for both the lab scale cassette and the USD device, and a mimic has been developed by operating both scales at equivalent membrane averaged shear rates

Dynamic modeling and Molecular Weight Distribution of ethylene copolymerization in an industrial gas-phase Fluidized-Bed Reactor

A dynamic model for ethylene copolymerization in an industrial Fluidized-Bed Reactor (FBR) is developed to describe its behavior and calculate the properties of polyethylene. The presented model considers particle entrainment and polymerization reaction in two phases. Two-site kinetic and hydrodynamic models in combination, provide a comprehensive model for the gas phase fluidized-bed polyethylene production reactor. The governing moment and hydrodynamic differential equations were solved simultaneously and the results compared with a similar work, as well as industrial data. The dynamic model showed accurate results for predicting Polydispersity Index (PDI), Molecular Weight Distribution (MWD), reactor temperature and polymer production rate

Dynamic modeling and Molecular Weight Distribution of ethylene copolymerization in an industrial gas-phase Fluidized-Bed Reactor

A dynamic model for ethylene copolymerization in an industrial Fluidized-Bed Reactor (FBR) is developed to describe its behavior and calculate the properties of polyethylene. The presented model considers particle entrainment and polymerization reaction in two phases. Two-site kinetic and hydrodynamic models in combination, provide a comprehensive model for the gas phase fluidized-bed polyethylene production reactor. The governing moment and hydrodynamic differential equations were solved simultaneously and the results compared with a similar work, as well as industrial data. The dynamic model showed accurate results for predicting Polydispersity Index (PDI), Molecular Weight Distribution (MWD), reactor temperature and polymer production rate

THE REFLECTION OF ELECTRONIC JOURNALS’ SUBJECT-MATTER IN A COLOR SYSTEM

The article examines an electronic journal as a modern type of a periodical from the standpoint of the distinguishing features of the color palette (color system). The topic of the color influence on the user in the electronic journals’ design has not been substantially studied to date. With the aim of attracting the target audience not only the content is important, but also the design.The emphasis is laid on identifying the relationship between the color system applied for the journal’s design and its content (functional focus). The author sampled and analyzed a considerable amount of factual material, representing the examples of the electronic pages’ design of the journals and magazines of various types. In accordance with the division into thematic groups, characteristic color combinations and the patterns of their use on the page were identified. The thematic component is far from being crucial in choosing the electronic journal’s color scheme. The reason for this is the presence of a large number of additional factors affecting its formation. Moreover, there are general trends in graphic design that set conventional limitations for the color palette, especially the trend towards minimalism.The article examines an electronic journal as a modern type of a periodical from the standpoint of the distinguishing features of the color palette (color system). The topic of the color influence on the user in the electronic journals’ design has not been substantially studied to date. With the aim of attracting the target audience not only the content is important, but also the design.The emphasis is laid on identifying the relationship between the color system applied for the journal’s design and its content (functional focus). The author sampled and analyzed a considerable amount of factual material, representing the examples of the electronic pages’ design of the journals and magazines of various types. In accordance with the division into thematic groups, characteristic color combinations and the patterns of their use on the page were identified. The thematic component is far from being crucial in choosing the electronic journal’s color scheme. The reason for this is the presence of a large number of additional factors affecting its formation. Moreover, there are general trends in graphic design that set conventional limitations for the color palette, especially the trend towards minimalism

Colour Constancy For Non‐Uniform Illuminant using Image Textures

Colour constancy (CC) is the ability to perceive the true colour of the scene on its image regardless of the scene’s illuminant changes. Colour constancy is a significant part of the digital image processing pipeline, more precisely, where true colour of the object is needed. Most existing CC algorithms assume a uniform illuminant across the whole scene of the image, which is not always the case. Hence, their performance is influenced by the presence of multiple light sources. This paper presents a colour constancy algorithm using image texture for uniform/non-uniformly lit scene images. The propose algorithm applies the K-means algorithm to segment the input image based on its different colour feature. Each segment’s texture is then extracted using the Entropy analysis algorithm. The colour information of the texture pixels is then used to calculate initial colour constancy adjustment factor for each segment. Finally, the colour constancy adjustment factors for each pixel within the image is determined by fusing the colour constancy of all segment regulated by the Euclidian distance of each pixel from the centre of the segments. Experimental results on both single and multiple illuminant image datasets show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing state of the art colour constancy algorithms, particularly when the images lit by multiple light sources